Pericles Funeral Oration
1- the Phonecians renewed the old trade contacts1- the Phonecians taught the Greeks how to apply their alphabet writing system to the spoken language of Greece2- Books, plays, epics start to become written1- because of rising populations and need for fertile land1- the hoplite was a heavily armed infantry soldier2- the hoplite phalanx was a formation of hoplites trained to move and act in unisonE- Greek city-states developed constitutions and democracy1- Some city-states turned to tyrants while some turned to democracies during this time1- Athens constitution developed over many years and in many forms, to eventually guarantee equality under law for all citizens2- Solon was elected archon in 594 B.C. to reform the government and establish a constitution for Athensa- he eliminated debt and slavery, and restructured the government giving more power to landless classes3- After Solon retired, Athens was seized by the tyrant Peisistratos and later, his son, Hippias4- The Athenians threw out Hippias in 510 B.C. and elected Cleisthenes
Pericles argues that the single most important duty that a citizen can do for his city is fight or even die for it. It is most certain that their knowledge will be pasted down many generations to come. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. All Athenian soldiers killed in battle (except for the men killed at Marathon) were placed in a suburb of the city were they could be honored as heroes. The speech also gives us insight to the relationship between the Athenian citizens and nature. Greece has many mountains, which create borders within different regions that caused early Greeks to think of themselves as residents from a particular region rather than as Greeks. Pericles makes a final statement that Athens will support the children of the dead soldiers and this is done as a reward for their valour. We do this for the same reason the Athenians did; we fight for the pure belief of democracy not the way it is practiced. The speech paints us a picture of how Athenian democracy operated and functioned during this time. Pericles speaks of Athens worldwide trade as well as the magnificent economic power and wealth within the city itself. The idea of free and open trade does not only apply to Athens worldwide business but also applies locally where citizens are encouraged to own their own businesses.
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