Italian Renaissance
During the history of Europe, no time was more fruitful than the years immediately after the Middle Ages. This time was also known as the Renaissance. People lived under the rule of enlightened kings, reformed churches, and the artistic masterpieces of the day. These three great organizations encouraged the development of all three of the major areas of society. First, great astronomers and mathematicians drastically resolved the way that the world was viewed. Second, the church, which had previously been an instrument of social oppression and terror, became more reformed and enlightened in it's approaches, though these changes did not come along easily. Finally, the great Renaissance architects, painters, and sculptors created works of unparalleled skill.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies was Copernicus treatise on his new view of the universe. Several popes also reformed the actions of the church. Obviously, the Renaissance was a time of greatlearning and enlightenment. Pope Paul IV carried out the decisions of the council, which led to a greater and more enlightened church. This changed drastically during the 15th century. Donatello changed this with "David," his most famous work. Clearly, the Renaissance artists effect on art has been permanent and dramatic. At this council, the selling of false indulgences was banned. Johannes Kepler, a Danish astronomer, created a completely new approach to the study of science and the universe. The people of Europe, including the church, believed that God had purposefully placed Earth at the center of the universe because of the human race's uniqueness. ------------------------------------------------------------------------**Bibliography**Morgan, Michael. These beneficial trends did not end until the violent warfare of the 17th century. Indianapolisis: Hacket Publishing Company, 1992. New York: Harper & Row Publishing Inc.
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