Post communistic countries

             Shows the contribution of religion to the rise of capitalism, but also demonstrates that a rational, methodical conduct of life and an ethics based on conviction, while arising in the context of religion, have become autonomous from it.
             Weber contends that rationalization also results in the increasing independence of morality and law, along with their basic decision rules, from the context in which they are first formulated.
             Weber also believes that rationalization processes in the modern world tend to destroy the possibility of an ethical life, represented most dramatically by his depiction of modern society as an “iron cage” which destroys people’s sense of meaning.
             Like Weber, Parsons is very interested in the ramifications of rationalization for the modern social order. Parsons is concerned with the sociological conditions for the emergence of universalism, especially the universalistic criteria for understanding and evaluating the social world and their relationship to a democratic, market-oriented, liberal social order.
             For parsons, universalism is related to the differentiation processes characteristic of modernity. As societies modernize, different societal “units” become autonomous, while simultaneously becoming more functionally interdependent.
             Introduction: The Revival of Post-Industrial Theory
             During the 1960s and early 1970s, several prominent sociologists elaborated a view of contemporary society that they labeled the theory of post- industrial society. The best-known proponent of this was the sociologist Daniel Bell.
             The post- industrial idea has been intensively debated. Its shortcomings, as well as the stimulating questions it raises, have been widely noted.
             Malcolm Bradbury has called the 1970s `the decade that never was’. We can now see that during that decade various new forms of postindustrial theory were in the making. But they are as insistent as earl...

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