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             A unit of McGraw-Hill, Standard & Poor's is an investment advisory service that performs several functions, including maintaining the S&P 500. The S&P 500 includes 400 industrial firms, 40 financial stocks, 40 utilities and 20 transportation stocks (all the firms are large). Inclusion in the index usually causes a stock's price to rise.
             The Dow Jones Industrial Average is the most famous and widely watched of market indicators. Published by Dow Jones & Co., "the Dow" is a price-weighted average of 30 major industrial stocks. The Dow originally consisted of 12 stocks in 1896 and eventually rose to 30 in 1928, where it remains today. Whenever any particular component stock for any reason becomes unrepresentative of the American industrial sector, a substitution is made and the average adjusted, just as when a stock split occurs. The Dow, by including such "blue chip" stocks as IBM, General Motors, General Electric, AT&T and Alcoa, tries to be representative of the market and of U.S. industry.
             NASDAQ originated as an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations and continues to be operated by a subsidiary of the National Association of Securities Dealers Inc. The NASDAQ market has no centralized trading floor, no traders screaming wildly -- stocks are bought and sold through computers and high-speed phone lines that link multiple brokers.
             A cornerstone of technical analysis is the Dow Theory, which states that in a true bull or bear trend, both the Dow Jones Industrial and Dow Jones Transportation averages must be moving in the same direction. In general, Dow Theory adherents will buy when the market moves higher than a previous peak, and sell when it goes below the preceding valley. When the two averages move together, one is supporting the other. This is because Charles Dow reasoned that industrial c
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