Luther and the Reformation
Martin Luther was a revolutionary thinker born during the latter part of the fifteenth century in Catholic Germany. During this time the papacy in Rome was growing in stature and in corruption. Pope Leo X was working on the St. Peter's Basilica and was being creative in its financing. In order to accomplish his goals he needed more money and he received the answer to his prayers in the form of indulgences, and their sales. This is partly the trouble with the Catholic faith during this time. In order to accomplish earthly good the Pope believes that it's okay to be somewhat corrupt in its financing. This is seen by Martin Luther to be an atrocity of the church and he forms a very different opinion of indulgences than that of the Pope. Martin's ideas were radical for their time and place. He thought that salvation was a gift, everyone should read the Bible, and that the laity was just as important as the clergy in their worship. This was a very different view from the !standard Catholic's idea that the clergy was there to pray for and interpret the Bible and its rules for the common man. Another place where the Catholics and Luther differ is the idea of salvation. In his point of view Luther sees salvation as a gift be
Lords found a way in which they could gain power and riches while still remaining alive and in power. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. This, as well as, response to Catholic overindulgence and foul leadership lead many new voices call out against the Catholic church and its excesses. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. Luther took his view of how salvation and faith are determined right from the Bible. This disturbance moves from being just unrest to full-out war when kings use nationalism and religious fever to have the Catholic versus Protestant grudge match in Thirty Years War. First off the two major ruling bodies of Europe, The Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy have been weakened by the blows of Reformation. This falls right into the hands of the Turks who have just taken Constantinople and are on their way to conquering Vienna when a Christian coalition is formed just long enough to stop the Turks and reprimand King Francis I of France who decides to support the Turks because of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. Given, both institutions still remain after the crushing defeat in the Thirty Years War national state governments start to rule in Europe which is the predecessor to the modern governmental system.
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