Self-Reliance in The Coquette
Hannah W. Foster's The Coquette, written in 1797, takes place in a time period and social arena where a woman's primary role consisted of finding a suitable husband and becoming contently married. Forced into a narrow confine of her role from her early childhood, a girl became caught in a world where she lacked any true power. Controlled by her society, it was difficult for a female to find her own voice and thoughts, without even displaying that self to the world. A woman rarely remained true to herself. Yet, The Coquette’s main character, Eliza Wharton, lives the life of a young woman struggling to be self-reliant within the constraints created by her society. In this context, the word “self-reliant” refers to its definition in Ralph Waldo Emerson’s philosophical essay entitled “Self-Reliance.” In his essay, Emerson defines self-reliance as the ability “To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart, is true for all men (Emerson! 23)…” In general, self-reliance refers to the ability to remain true to oneself. Specifically, Eliza accomplishes self-reliance by not immediately accepting Reverend Boyer’s marriage proposal, as all of her peers believe i . . .
However, after she refused to marry Reverend Boyer and he left her, Eliza’s cheerful disposition drastically descended to unbearable melancholy and depression. Self-reliance was something that women may have in some way wanted but, "where women have no social, political, or legal status except through their husbands, the deck is stacked irrevocably against the female player (Davidson 20). Throughout The Coquette, Major Sanford lives his life in a sexually corrupt and depraved manner. Although Ralph Waldo Emerson would applaud Eliza Wharton for accomplishing self-reliance as outlined in his radical essay “Self-Reliance,” her society punished both her and Major Sanford for it. Sanford loved Eliza, but he only married Nancy to obtain part of her family’s affluence. Eliza’s most intimate friend, Lucy Freeman, seems to live righteously as well. " While her friends and family impart upon her to marry him regardless because tradition dictates it, Eliza knows she would be unhappy. Once he realizes Eliza may never accept him as a husband, he destroys all connections to her. As a religious man adamantly practicing strong morals, he loves Eliza deeply. In the introduction to The Coquette Cathy Davidson raises the question "Is the sovereignty of the domain within the home really freedom if so limited (15)?" Freedom and self-reliance are inexorably intertwined; without the first the second is virtually impossible.
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