GERMANY: FROM NAZIS TO NOWADAYS

The main body consists of two parts. The first part will be devoted to the political structure of Germany. It will discuss the division of Germany, its unification, parliament, Germany before and after democracy.

The second part will discuss the reforms in the civil service of 2000 as compared to that of 1950s. So, this paper mainly illustrates the benefits of German political structure and public administration after democracy.

Germany has always attracted the whole world’s attention for its historical experience, which strongly differs from that of other European countries. German history has represented itself as a difficult and protracted process of nation building. German people have been engaged in perpetual search of national state.

Since the 1871, when Otto von Bismarck established a unified Second German Empire, the territory of Germany started its authoritarian development. Political power was centralized around the monarch (Kaiser). Social Democrats as an opposition were rather weak to resist the monarchy. Citize

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This hierarchical personnel structure was undemocratic, because manual workers and salaried employees had no chance of merit-based promotion and raise in status. Married women were forced out of the public service.

PART II

THE CIVIL SEVICE OF GERMANY

Besides the political systems and the regimes both in 1950s and 1990s, and before and after the unification another very important and vital area is the public administration, civil service in particular.

The second part of Parliament is the Bundesrat, which is the consequence of the federal system. This approach had a historical precedent: after World War Two many women had been dismissed. Thus 30% of a ministry’s staff is executive or junior executive positions, 25% are caseworkers, and the remaining 45% are clerical, secretarial or custodial workers. Unification was not just a bringing together of two independent countries, but rather a kind of generous step on the part of West Germany.

The intermediate level service is made up of clerical and secretarial staff, and it forms the 35% of the ministry’s total personnel. Administrative experience and professional qualifications were by no means the only criteria used in selecting ministerial personnel. Besides, the civil servants, which were considered to be the privileged official class, could not accept the elected representatives, which was a major obstacle in the creation of democracy. The assumption was that every person with at least ten years of service was to receive a position equivalent to the one held until 1945. Although political officials are the highest-ranking employees in the ministry, they can be removed, transferred or pensioned if necessary. The chancellor has the right to reconsider the number of Cabinet ministers and change their duties. Most East Germans than West Germans favor government control of wages, support for industry, the protection of jobs, and the reduction of the workweek. In 1933 Hitler was appointed to the chancellor of Germany.

Common topics in this essay:
British American, East Germans, World War, East Germany, GERMANY Besides, Social History, Prussian Reich, , West Germans, Military Law, civil servants, civil service, public service, basic law, merit-based promotion, federal government, federal republic, western germany, weimar republic, personnel structure, middle class workers, lower middle class, social democrats greens, military law 15, workers public service,

Approximate Word count = 3928
Approximate Pages = 16 (250 words per page double spaced)

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