Sake and Sagebrush
No one thing in modern history has ever inspired such a fear and hatred towards an ethnic group, as did that day on December 7, 1941. The undeclared act of war against the American fleet at Pearl Harbor enraged the people of the United States against the Japanese and people of Japanese ancestry. It was a period in United States history when reason, and compassion, were disposed of. A period where the laws and rights set forth in the Constitution of the United States, were disregarded and denied to all people of Japanese ancestry. This paper will take a brief look at the Japanese internment facility at Manzanar, California, as well as discuss some of the political and economic issues that led to the eventual internment of all people of Japanese ancestry. Japanese immigration began as a trickle in the 1880's, with the bulk of the Japanese population concentrated on the West Coast (Bosworth, 1967). With immigration from Japan, Japanese customs and traditions were also imported into America. Japanese work ethics and philosophy were major factors in their economic success.As early as 1913, problems between American and Japanese business owners were beginning to surface. Some of these problems led to the eventual passing of The Cali
First there were the American Indians who were put on reservations, Africans in slavery, their lives on the plantations, Chicanos doing migratory work, and the kinds of camps they lived in, and even, too, the Chinese when they worked on the railroad camps where they were almost isolated, dispossessed people, disempowered (Kochiyama, 2001). The relocation center was aligned with U. Highway 395, rather than true north. The valley is well watered by Sierra streams and the relocation center site is located between two perennial streams, which flow east from the Sierra Nevada, Shepherd Creek on the north, and George Creek on the south. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which allowed for the removal of Japanese and Japanese Americans to internment camps (Myer, 1971). One inmate was killed instantly and another died later. Asian immigrants were also excluded from land and property ownership (Randall, 1997). Construction proceeded 10 hours a day 7 days a week; major construction was completed within six weeks (Meyer, 1971). One of these camps is located in the Owens Valley near the California desert, a location known as Manzanar. Prior to World War II, many Japanese and Japanese Americans were doing well through farming, and other areas of business (Bosworth, 1967). Over 90 percent of the evacuees were from the Los Angeles area; others were from Stockton, California, and Bainbridge Island, Washington (Meyer, 1971). On March 21 the first 82 Japanese Americans made the 220-mile trip by bus from Los Angeles (Tateishi, 1984).
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16 april 2001,
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Acceptance Essays
