What is the Human Genome Project, and how did it come to be?
4 billion or more years ago, the first spec of life appeared as a bubble. This may not seem important, but this bubble wrote the chemical code for life, and then passed it on. This object that was passed on is DNA, which carries a person's individual traits. A DNA molecule consists of two strands that wrap around each other in the form of a double helix, whose sides, made of sugar and phosphate molecules, are connected by nitrogen, containing bases. The Four different bases that are present in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The particular order of these base pairs is called the DNA sequence which specifies the exact genetic instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits. Every three base pairs that a person has makes up a gene, and it is said today that a human has approximately 30,000 genes. To many doctors, DNA is considered the personal diary of each person, containing everything that has to do with someone's life,! how they will live their lives, what will go on in a person's life, and how they will die. One problem has presented itself though, the human genome contains roughly 3 billion base pairs. When scientists tried to find base pairs, it roughly looked like
A computed had been developed to make the whole progress simpler for the scientists; the computer decodes 12,000 letters every second. This usually occurs with less than 20 base pairs may be involved. ! Their are two main ways to sequence a genome. Since it began in 1990, the Human Genome Project !is estimated to have cost $3,000,000,000 and on December of 1999, Celera Genomics proved that it was worth it by completing the first assembly of the human genome, using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. If a doctor knows of something before hand, can't it be prevented? In conclusion, to me the human genome project means more to my children than to me. A primary goal of the Human Genome Project is to make a series of descriptive diagrams maps of each human chromosome at increasingly finer resolutions. Individuals that have translocations are said to be balanced because they have the proper amount of genetic information, but this genetic information does contain a flaw. The one problem with the "whole-genome shotgun" method is potentially very fast, but it can be extremely difficult to put together so many tiny pieces of sequence all at once. It is said that if cancer is r!ecognized early, than it can be treated with more ease and the person will have a better chance of living. Substitutions involve replacement of one sequence fragment with another sequence. These 5 different people proved the fact that 97 percent of the Human DNA is identicle, and scientists found that remaining 3 percent to code for everyone's own specific traits. It is the entire set of hereditary instructions for building, running, and maintaining an organism, and passing life on to the next generation. A man by the name of Craig Venter was working in the decoding of the Human Genome and noticed this computer age revolution.
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