What is the Human Genome Project, and how did it come to be?
4 billion or more years ago, the first spec of life appeared as a bubble. This may not seem important, but this bubble wrote the chemical code for life, and then passed it on. This object that was passed on is DNA, which carries a person's individual traits. A DNA molecule consists of two strands that wrap around each other in the form of a double helix, whose sides, made of sugar and phosphate molecules, are connected by nitrogen, containing bases. The Four different bases that are present in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The particular order of these base pairs is called the DNA sequence which specifies the exact genetic instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits. Every three base pairs that a person has makes up a gene, and it is said today that a human has approximately 30,000 genes. To many doctors, DNA is considered the personal diary of each person, containing everything that has to do with someone's life,! how they will live their lives, what will go on in a person's life, and how they will die. One problem has presented itself though, the human genome contains roughly 3 billion base pairs. When scientists tried to find base pairs, it roughly looked like
A mutation is any change of DNA material that can be reproduced. To go through and record this much DNA would take forever, so something had to be done. But can this be stopped? Their are many ways that an abnormality can take place for example a major abnormality is a mutation. The next way to sequence a genome is called "whole-genome shotgun" method which involves breaking the genome up into small pieces, sequencing the pieces, and reassembling the pieces into the full genome sequence. It is the entire set of hereditary instructions for building, running, and maintaining an organism, and passing life on to the next generation. The next, microduplications, which produce an extra exact copy of a specific region of a specific chromosome. These computers worked on the DNA chopped, and then coppied over and over again and then died. The sequenced human genome proved that DNA is a readable text and will do many things with this new information. Structural rearrangements in chromosomes can be detected microscopically by changes in the patterns produced by dye specific staining of chromosomes are said to be chromosomal mutations. Genome mutations occur at a frequency of about 1/10,000 - 100,000. Five major institutions in the United States and Great Britain performed the bulk of sequencing, together with contributions from institutes in China, France, and Germany. The computer then bounces light and then Identifies the colors. All of this information is very important to both me and you.
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