What is the Human Genome Project, and how did it come to be?
4 billion or more years ago, the first spec of life appeared as a bubble. This may not seem important, but this bubble wrote the chemical code for life, and then passed it on. This object that was passed on is DNA, which carries a person's individual traits. A DNA molecule consists of two strands that wrap around each other in the form of a double helix, whose sides, made of sugar and phosphate molecules, are connected by nitrogen, containing bases. The Four different bases that are present in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The particular order of these base pairs is called the DNA sequence which specifies the exact genetic instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits. Every three base pairs that a person has makes up a gene, and it is said today that a human has approximately 30,000 genes. To many doctors, DNA is considered the personal diary of each person, containing everything that has to do with someone's life,! how they will live their lives, what will go on in a person's life, and how they will die. One problem has presented itself though, the human genome contains roughly 3 billion base pairs. When scientists tried to find base pairs, it roughly looked like
By age 25, eight percent will be diagnosed with a disorder that has a major genetic component. This thought can be proved once all human genes are eventually be found, and accurate diagnostics will be developed for most inherited diseases. One DNA arrangement is called a deletion. By the age of my death, I am sure that the Human Genome Project would have of mapped the entire human genome countless times, with almost perfect resolution. The last type of mutation is gene mutation. Five major institutions in the United States and Great Britain performed the bulk of sequencing, together with contributions from institutes in China, France, and Germany. It was discovered that about 97 percent of the Human Genome consists of non-genetic sequences with unknown function, or called "junk DNA. It can occur at the level of the genome, chromosome or the gene itself. Finally, they sequence the pieces and use the overlaps to reconstruct the sequence of the whole clone. But can this be stopped? Their are many ways that an abnormality can take place for example a major abnormality is a mutation. Genome mutations occur at a frequency of about 1/10,000 - 100,000. By mapping the entire human genome, diseases in DNA sequence can be found,! and hopefully at some time or another be rid of. this || | | || and a scientist had to write the base pair on the side. This project was said that it will take 15 years to complete.
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