jewish immigration
Jewish Immigration: An Ethnic Struggle Many different social and ethnic groups have migrated to America to start new lives. The Jewish people, like other ethnic groups had to struggle to achieve the most out of life. Not only did they come here as aliens to this country, but they also had to endure treacherous living quarters, rise above religious and ethnic prejudice, adapt to unfair social conditions, and customize and take advantage of economic opportunities that make the Jewish race a strong one in today's society. The Jewish people came to The United States in three separate migrations. The first wave of Jewish immigrants came from Spain and Portugal and other places like Jamaica, Barbados, Curcao, South America, and the West Indies. These are the Sephardic Jews, and spoke Spanish. They arrived in the United States in the 1800's and since they were the first Jews to come to America they got the name of they American Jews. During this group's migration, Rabbi Lee Levinger states that " the number of immigrants varied from 8,000 in 1820 to 84,000 in 1840." ( 142). The increase of Jews did not keep up with America's population. At this time Jews were a minority in this
In 1960, 8 percent of the country's college graduates were Jewish. The question now was whether, as Americans, they would still remain Jews (Golden2). However, the Sephardic and German Jews provided the Eastern European ones with organizations, activities, and jobs. They had nearly 700 people per acre; the Lower East Side was more crowded than the worst slums of contemporary Bombay, India. The Je!ws many problems were due to anti-Semitic acts. History had proved that that Eastern European Jews would Americanize with a vengeance. Since the turn of the century, large amounts of Jews have moved to Sunbelt locations in California and Southern Florida. The children of immigrants moved into middle class and out to more fashionable neighborhoods, creating new institutions, synagogue-centers, and progressive Hebrew schools. In 1870, the German Jews provided the European immigrants with many jobs. Their migration made the United States the third largest Jewish population in the world with one million Jews, following Russia and Austria-Hungary (Golden 4). Like the native- born Jewish population, they are active in professions and entrepreneurship According to the 1990 census, over 50 percent of both Russian and Israel-born persons in New York and Los Angeles, age 24-65, had one or more years of college, and over 30 percent of both nationality groups were college graduates (Gold 9-10) Thus Jewish migrants are much better educated than the United States population at large, which has a 20 percent rate of college graduation. Jews that immigrated to the United States in the late 1980's and today are much different than their ancestors. This group of Jews was the one of the largest groups of immigrants to enter the country during this time. They thought likelihood of facing anti-Semitism was very slim. The Bavarian Jews had to pay heavy taxes, were not allowed to be citizens, had special laws to burden them and control their place of living, their business, and their travelling about.
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