art nouveau
Art Nouveau is a French term meaning "new art" that was used to describe thedecorative art style that occurred during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With its beginnings found in the Arts and Crafts movement of William Morris, ArtNouveau eventually spread all over Europe and into the United States. In the varyingcountries this art movement was given different names. In Germany it was known asJugendstil after the Jugend art magazine. Italians called the movement Stile Liberty afterLiberty LTD style which was on of the few English companies which became involved inthe Art Nouveau movement. The term Art Nouveau, which was popularized by a galleryin France, is now used to describe all artwork and movements that were created between1894 and 1914 in response to the popular point of view. Art Nouveau artists' main goal was to erase the line between major and minor art. They wanted to unify all arts and center it around man and his life. They rebelled againstthe growing factories and the constant rise in city population. Many artists felt they had toreturn to the roots of artwork and leave the current art style. This led the artists toabandon the imitative art that previously seen in
In architecture, the Art Nouveau scene was led by a Scottish architect namedCharles Rennie Mackintosh. It led toArt Deco movement which was predominent during the twenties and thirties. His brooches and combs createdin the Art Nouveau style was the largest attraction at the Paris International Exhibition in1900. After seeing Emrile Galle's piece at the Paris Exhibtion of 1889, Tiffany gainedan interest in glassmaking. Mackintosh focused his work around the geometric line and was most influential duringthe Austrian Sezessionstil. The major characteristic of Art Nouveau is its flowing asymmetrical line thatusually takes the shape of flower stalks, vines, insect wings or other delicate pieces thatare found in nature. Aubrey Beardley's creativity with the organic line along withWilliam Morris, who showed the importance of the vital style in the applied arts,influenced the movement in England. Another American involved in the Art Nouveau movement was architectLouis Henry Sullivan. The four storied Hotel Tassel in Brussels uses a curved line for itsinterior as well as for the facade. Leading the charge in Art Nouveaujewelry making was a Frenchman named Rene Lalique. Some of Lalique's best works were created for a French actress named SarahBernhardt. This could be seen in artwork that covered theentire spectrum. Lalique rarely created designs that contained precious stones, instead usinggracious and fantastic designs. The power of the line dominates over the other artisticelements- form, color, texture, and creates its very own decorative effect. ------------------------------------------------------------------------**Bibliography**xcv.
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