genetic engineering
Genetic Engineering is the scientific alteration of genes or genetic material to produce desirable new traits in organisms or toeliminate undesirable ones. Genetic engineering is an umbrella term, which can cover a wide range of ways of changing the geneticmaterial in a living organism. The cells of all living organisms contain genes. By changing an organism's genes, scientists can givethe organism and its descendants different traits. Defects of individual genes can cause a malfunction in the metabolism of thebody, and are the roots of many "genetic" diseases. To perform genetic manipulation you must first find the gene you want to duplicate or eliminate. Sounds simple? This process hasbeen compared to finding the proverbial 'needle in the haystack'. However, in this case the haystack is about the size of the UnitedGenes are located within cells. Cells are found on tiny structures called chromosomes. Every chromosome contains one moleculeof a chemical substance called DNA. One single molecule of DNA can contain thousands of genes. When you put all this togetherthis mass of genes, cells and chromosomes are known as the human genome. A person's DNA contains the information that
The early 1970's saw the beginnings of techniques to isolate and alter genes in the United States. To isolate a gene, scientist's use a technique called gene splicing. Genetic engineering has been deployed for human good in the field of medicine. Modern vaccines and drugs evolved through thebiotech route have done wonders. Some of the most talked about purposes include:repairing a genetic defect, to enhance an effect already natural to that organism (e. In animals and humans, through the alteration of the composition of sperm and eggs before conception, we may be able to redirectthe course of evolution. In arecent statement, Prince Charles said "I happen to believe that this kind of genetic modification takes mankind into realms thatbelong to God, and to God alone. itWorld Wide Web SitesCouncil for Responsible Genetics: http://www. The Genetic Revolution has already begun, and it will have as much impact on human society as the Industrial Revolution. Transgenic animals, whose DNA include foreign genes across species, have now become common place in the laboratories andbiotechnology industries of advance countries. Reading ListBooksPresident's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Splicing Life,1982Steve Olson, Biotechnology: An Industry Comes of Age, National Academy Press, 1986Enzo Russo, David Cove, Genetic Engineering: Dreams and Nightmares, W. The most current projecttaking place right now is the process of Genetic mapping. Scientifically modified soybeans are now in an estimated 60 percent of the food chain according toGreenpeace and most of it is not labeled at the moment.
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