Brazil's government is a federal republic. They are a federation with 26 states and a federal district. Brazil's federal constitution was enacted on October 5, 1988 and developed a democratic political system with periodic elections for public offices. They, like the United States, have three branches of government. Those Branches are President, National Congress, and Judiciary Organizations. The President branch is aided by ministers, and is in charge of the public administration. The National Congress consists of a senate and a Lower House. The Judiciary Organizations is the utmost being the federal Supreme Court with 11 justices.
             The federal constitution provides a Democratic system with a bill of rights, which gives all people freedom of circulation, of religion, of thought, of expression, of conscience, of reunion, and the rights to the due process of law, to ownership, to petition, as well as the guaranties of habeas corpus and others.
             In the 1400-1500 Portuguese navigators were aware of the existence of land across the Atlantic, West of the Portuguese route to the Indies. In 1494, The Treaty of Tordesillas settled a problem of the ownership of these new lands between Spain and Portugal. Pope Alexander VI cleared up any confusion that may have come up over land claims. He issued a ruling that made an imaginary line running north and south through the mid-Atlantic, 100 leagues from the Cape Verde islands. Spain would have control of any unclaimed land to the west of the line and Portugal would have control of any unclaimed land to the east of the line.
             1500-1700-Starting in 1530, when Portugal sent the first permanent settlers, a period of exploration of Brazil wood was followed by an organized program of settlements. Native tribes, some calm, and some angry already inhabited the land. Therefore, Brazil became a colony of Portugal.
             Between 1700 and 1800 the Minas Gerais area gold rush, in southern Brazil, attrac...