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"The formal story began in 1866, when a physician named John Langdon Down published an essay in England in which he described a set of children with common features who were distinct from other children with mental retardation." Down was superintendent of an asylum for children with mental retardation in Surrey, England when he made the first distinction between children who were cretins (later to be found to have hypothyroidism) and what he referred to as "Mongoloids." "In the 1970s, an American revision of scientific terms changed it simply to "Down syndrome."Chromosomes are thread-like structures composed of DNA and other proteins. "A person with down syndrome are short in stature and have a small, round head with a high, flattened forehead and fissured, dry lips and tongue." They are present in every cell of the body and carry the genetic information needed for that cell to develop. "Genes, which are units of information, are "encod
" In this case, two breaks occur in separate chrom!osomes, usually the 14th and 21st chromosomes. gov/htbin-post/Omim/dispmim?190685#DESCRIPTIONhttp://www. Of these 23, 22 are alike in males and females; these are called the "autosomes. If the risk is high, amniocentesis, a procedure for removing a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus, is administered to confirm the findings from the blood tests. Some babies are born with heart defects and others aren't. "The way that you get Down Syndrome is through the mother. " The 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes ('X' and 'Y'). Fetal cells are present in their fluid and can be checked for the presence of the chromosomal disorder. " ------------------------------------------------------------------------**Bibliography**BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://www. " So while the number of chromosomes remain normal, there is a triplication of the 21st chromosome material. " One cell has two 21st chromosomes instead of one, so the resulting fertilized egg has three 21st chromosomes.
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Surrey England,
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John Langdon,
,
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