Moral Luck
Moral luck is a term used by Nagel to describe the external factors beyond our control, which act upon moral decisions we make. Nagel's opinion is that people make moral decisions that may have good or bad intentions, but because of moral luck the outcome may be contrary to what he/she intended. Moral luck can be constitutive, the kind of person that someone is. Some people are born with certain characteristics, which enable them to be more virtuous then others. Others are born with a nasty streak of envy or jealousy, which makes it that much harder for them to make moral decisions. Another type of moral luck is one's circumstances. People are faced with different types of situations and problems, and certain situations make is easier to make the right moral decision. Nagel also describes two types of consequential lucks. One type is antecedent, in which certain consequences took place before the moral act and influence the moral decision to be made. The other type o!f consequential luck is the way actions and decisions
However, upon arriving to class he finds that all the seats but one in the front of the classroom are taken. According to Kant the student should be judged as having committed a moral wrong because Kant believes that moral acts must be judged on good or bad will. The best way to account for moral luck is judge people by taking into account their intentions and the consequences, which may follow. If moral luck were to act on people Kant would judge this person by what his original intentions were. Utilitarians determine what actions to take based on the greatest amount of pleasure that will come out of these actions. Upon calling the local hospitals she is told that she must first have a physical examination by her doctor to ensure that she is not bring any germs or disease into the hospital. as something that had its full worth in itself. A student may decide that he will not study for a specific exam because he intends to cheat off his neighbor's paper. The student, who had every intention to cheat no finds himself unable to look at anyone's paper and must take the test on his own. This woman is subject to moral luck. This takes into account what the consequences of actions will be and not the original intentions. After being examined by her doctor she is told that she did not pass the physical examination and may not volunteer at the hospital.
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