Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance found among the lipids (fats) in the bloodstreamand in all your body's cells. It's an important part of a healthy body because it's used toform cell membranes, some hormones and other needed tissues. But a high level ofcholesterol in the blood - hypercholesterolemia - is a major risk factor for coronaryheart disease, which leads to heart attack. Cholesterol and other fats can't dissolve in the blood. They have to be transported toand from the cells by special carriers called lipoproteins . There are several kinds, butthe ones to be most concerned about are low-density lipoprotein (LDL) andLow-density lipoprotein is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood. If too much LDLcholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the walls of the arteries
For some people, exercise affects blood cholesterol level by increasing HDL ("good")cholesterol. Sincecholesterol is present in all foods from animal sources, care must be taken to eat nomore than six ounces of lean meat, fish and poultry per day and to use skim (fat-free)and low-fat dairy products. Exercise can also help control weight, diabetes , and high blood pressure. Regular exercise such as brisk walking, jogging and swimmingalso condition your heart and lungs. The lesions in artery walls contain substancesthat may interact with Lp(a), leading to the buildup of lipids in atherosclerotic plaques. A high level of LDL cholesterol (more than 130 mg/dL)reflects an increased risk of heart disease. A high level of Lp(a) is an important riskfactor for developing atherosclerosis prematurely. That's why LDL cholesterol is often called"bad" cholesterol. High-quality proteins from vegetable sources such as beansare good substitutes for animal sources of protein. The way an increased Lp(a)contributes to disease isn't understood. Lp(a) is a genetic variation of plasma LDL. About one-third to one-fourth of blood cholesterol is carried by high-density lipoproteinor HDL. Saturated fatty acids are the chief culprit in raising blood cholesterol, which increasesyour risk of heart disease. Medical experts think HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteriesand back to the liver, where it's passed from the body. Exercise thatuses oxygen to provide energy to large muscles (aerobic exercise) raises your heartand breathing rates.
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