south korea
South Korea, officially known as the Republic of Korea, country inNorth eastern Asia that occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula.South Korea is bounded on the north by North Korea; on the east by the Sea ofJapan; on the southeast and south by the Korea Strait, which separates it fromJapan; and on the west by the Yellow Sea. It has a total area of about 38,023sq.Mi., including numerous offshore islands in the south and west, the largest ofwhich is Cheju (area, 1829 sq. km/706 sq. mi.). The state of South Korea wasestablished in 1948 following the post-World War II partitioning of the peninsula between the occupying forces of the United States in the south and theUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in the north. The capital and largest In contrast to North Korea, South Korea is relatively poor in mineralresources. The principal resources are coal (mostly anthracite), iron ore, andgraphite. Other minerals include gold, silver, copper, lead, tungsten, zinc, anduranium. Reserves of natural gas have been discovered offshore. These minuteresources are not as depended upon by the people of South Korea as in the North.
Beginning in the early 1970s, however, emphasis was placed onheavy industry. The estimated livestock population in the early 1990s was 5. Major imports includeindustrial machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemical products,transportation equipment, raw materials (such as wood and raw cotton), andelectronic components. Foreign Trade Following the disruption of trade during the Korean War (1950-1953) andits aftermath, exports increased at the remarkable annual rate of 27. The country's estimated population density of 1188 per sq mi is one of thehighest in the world. Since the establishment of North Korea, some 4million immigrants have crossed the border to South Korea. Other major cities include Pusan (3,798,113), the principalseaport; Taegu (2,229,040), center of the silk industry; Inch'ôn (1,817,919),the major port on the Yellow Sea; and Kwangju (1,139,003), an ancient commercialand administrative center. KoreanAir Lines and Asiana Airlines provide both domestic and foreign service. 6 million farms, the average cultivated land area for each is 1. Thecountry has about 63,201 km (about 39,273 mi) of roads, including 1551 km (964mi) of expressway. The north held most of the natural resources and heavyindustries developed during occupation by the Japanese; the south contained mostof the agricultural resources and a large labor pool. Agriculture Land distribution programs were carried out after World War II (1939-1945).
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