Motivational Theories
Written by David Martinez for prof. Ehiobuche mgmt 303.motivational theories The success of any organization depends on the ability of managers to provide a motivating environment for its employees. Motivated employees are more productive, happier, and stay with the organization longer. One of the primary tasks a manager faces is to find out what motivates their staff. By understanding employee needs, managers can understand what rewards to use to motivate them. Abraham Maslow proposed the theory called hierarchy of needs theory (370-396). Maslow believed that within every individual, there exists a hierarchy of five needs and that each level of need must be satisfied before an individual pursues the next higher level of need. As the individual progresses through the levels of needs, the preceding needs lose their motivational value. The five levels of needs, according to Maslow are: 1. Physiological Needs. These needs include food, water, and sex, which are essential for us to survive. If these needs are not met, then all other n!eeds will not be a source of motivation. 2. Safety Needs. This refers to the need to feel safe from physical and emotional harm. 3. Social Needs. These needs are concerned with social interactions wit
The main point is consequences influence behavior. The first is referred to as motivators, which includes responsibility, advancement, and recognition. Unsatisfactory hygiene factors can act as de-motivators, but if satisfactory, their motivational affect is limited without motivators. The last method of behavior modification is lack of reinforcement. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is too simple and rigid. The third element is "expectancy," this is the belief an individual has about the relationship between effort and performance, if one exerts a high level of effort, then one can expect good performance. Another way to modify behavior is punishment, which decreases the chances of the behavior to occur. Herzburg's findings suggest there are two factors that contribute to employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This is only a selection of motivational theories, there are many more. According to Vroom, there are three important elements to consider when determining motivation. The other is known as hygiene factors.
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