Drug Addiction and Their Most
For many years people have been aware of chemical substances that can change people's behavior by influencing their mood, their sensations, or their muscular coordination. These chemical, mind altering substances are known as psychoactive drugs (PaD). These PaD, depending on their cultures, were used for religious rituals to control pain, or to raise ones energy during warfare. As time went on, more and more people became aware of these substances and a familiar pattern started to form. People beganusing these chemical substances for pleasurable experiences. How do drugs work? For a drug to affect our behavior it has to get into our blood stream through ingestion, inhalation, absorption through the mucous membrane of the mouth or nose, or injection with a hypodermic needle. Once the PaD are in our bloodstream it starts to influence our behavior by altering the functioning of our central nervous system (CNS). After a period of hours, the drugs influence gradually wears off as the liver produces enzymes that metabolize the drug. Most PaD can be categorized into two major groups, stimulants (which enhance the activity of the CNS) and depressants (which slow down the activity
At low doses (roughly 50 mg) it increases alertness, energy and produces a feeling of euphoria that lasts from a few minutes to an hour. This is referred to as tolerance. These drugs work by activating a set of receptors called "opioid receptors" that are found throughout the brain and spinal cord, but especially within the limbic system. In the early 1800s, morphine was isolated as the main active ingredient of opium, and, in the early 1900s, scientists discovered how to alter the chemical structure of morphine to produce heroin, which is three times more powerful than morphine. The two types of tolerance are functional and metabolic. By understanding how the drugs affect the action of the dopamine is one of the key elements to understanding drug addiction. At high doses, nicotine can induce muscle tremors and convulsions. Four verycommon stimulants are amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine. You cannot ignore the effects on PaD. A lethal dose is 60mg within a few hour period (approx. At high doses it can produce anxiety, muscle tremors, and insomnia. sports, hobbies, volunteer work), enhancing self esteem and appropriate role models. Cocaine can be inhaled, injected, or converted to crack for smoking. Now that you've seen the drugs and how they work, lets go into prevention. The second major PaD group are depressants.
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