World War 2
On November 5, 1937, Hitler met with his most trusted military advisors for a top-secret briefing. The third Reich’s future, he told them, depended on solving the need for lebensraum. Where would new living space come from? Not from overseas colonies, he declared, but from those nations nearest Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. When someone protested that annexing those countries could provoke war, Hitler replied, “Germany’s problems can be solved only by means of force, and this is never without risk.” In fact, the risk turned out to be less than Hitler’s advisors feared. The following February, Hitler invited Austrian chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg to meet with him at his villa at Berchtesgaden, high in sation about the view and the lovely day, Hitler snapped, “We did not gather here to speak of the fine view or the weather.” Then the storm broke. For the next few hours, Hitler pounded the table and bombarded the Austrian leader with accusations. Even worse, Schuschnigg, normally a chain smoker, had to do without cigarettes because Hitler could not stand smoking. By the end of the day, Schuschnigg had been bullied into signing an agreement to bring Austrian Nazis into his government. . . .
On March 12, 1938, German troops marched into Austria unopposed, forcing Schuschnigg to resign. As tensions rose over Poland, Stalin, despite his deep dislike and distrust of the Nazis, decided he had more to lose than to gain in a war against Germany. In Churchill’s view, by signing the Munich Pact, Daladier and Chamberlain had adopted a shameful policy of appeasement, or giving up principles to pacify and aggressor. The portion Germany annexed contained almost two-thirds of Poland’s population. When they arrived, the Fuhrer Declared that the Sudetenland would be his “last territorial demand. As dawn broke on March 15, 1939, German troops poured into what remained of Czechoslovakia. On September 30, 1938, they signed the Munich Pact, which turned the Sudetenland over to Germany without a shot being fired. This invasion was the first test of Germany’s newest military strategy, the blitzkrieg. In the last week of fighting, the Soviet Union attacked Poland from the east, grabbing some of its territory. They also signed a second, secret pact agreeing to divide Poland between them. Two days later, Germany announced that its Anschluss, or “union,” with Austria was complete.
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