The culture of Egypt developed very early. The political history was stable and development of tradition was being formed. Also, granite, sandstone, and limestone were available in abundance. These circumstances all made possible the world's most ancient monuments.
             Egyptian rulers were obsessed and very competitive with constructing a tomb for himself more impressive and longer lasting than the others. They were built in walled enclosures and their columned halls turned inward. This is how the concept of the axis was born. The Egyptian temples were extended by avenues of sphinxes to intensify them. The temples also introduced monumental use of post-and-lintel construction in stone, in which large columns are closely spaced.
             In the third Dynasty the architect imhotep built for Zoser included a stepped pyramid of stone and a group of shrines and related buildings. This was designed to protect the remains of the king ,the great Step Pyramid is the oldest monumental architecture preserved; it also introduces development of the true pyramid. The kings of the fourth Dynasty were buried at the pyramid complex at Giza. This shows the ability of Egyptian architects to construct monuments that remain wonders of the world. The Great Pyramid of Khufu originally stood about 146m high and contained about 2.3 million blocks with an average weight of 2.5 metric tons each . Each pyramid had a valley temple, a landing and staging area, and a pyramid temple or cult chapel where religious rites for the king's spirit were performed. Around the three major pyramids at Giza a necropolis grew up, this can also be called "city of the dead". Tombs were constructed over shafts that led to a chamber containing the mummy ,but some tombs were cut into the limestone plateau and not constructed from blocks of stone.
             Little is known about the architecture of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Most houses and palaces were built of unbak...