The social structure of nearly all communities from the 1600's to the present have been headed by a wealthy or ruling class. Many practices and institutions within the society exist to ensure that the ruling class retains its power, often marginalizing other groups in the process. This dis-empowerment can be achieved through religious beleafs and the denial of education, (as the whites did to blacks in the America during the 1600's to early 1900's) the use of propaganda and indoctrination, or simply through the exploitation of fear. In a strict society, such as Gilead in The Handmaid's Tale, the passivity of the marginalized groups is required in order for the dominant class to instill its totalitarian ideals and social restrictions upon the citizenry. Disempowered groups, such as the Handmaids (Blacks, Natives, etc. ), are aware of their powerlessness but are unable to rectify their situation. The Gileadean hegemony makes use of social and cultural practices designed for the purpose of repressing any resistance or rebellion by the people against their new government, law and ideologies.
             The use of religion, individual's name, along with the freedom to dress as one wishes, are three basic social practices which help to define a person's identity in modern society. When the revolution occurred, and society was transformed into the strict, rigid framework of Gilead, these liberties were altered to ensure that the regime remained in power. Women who became Handmaids were stripped of their religion, which encourages such beneficial effects on mental health as less depression (a modern epidemic), more self-esteem, and greater family and marital happiness, individual names and designated a patronymic implying ownership by their Commander, for example Offred. They are also dressed in an all-covering uniform of red habit, gloves and shoes, and are denied any individuality in their outward appearance. By denying the women these former right...