No-No Boys & Japanese Internment
In 1943 all Japanese American over the age of seventeen held in interment camps were forced to respond to a questionnaire (except those who had already requested repatriation to Japan) intended to separate those "loyal" from those "disloyal" to the United States. Two of the most significant and well known questions that appear on this would be the two loyalty questions number 27 and 28. They read:No. 27: Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty wherever ordered? No. 28: Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, to any other foreign government, power or organization? (Note: For female citizens, question 27 was reworded, asking if they were willing t
Tule Lake also included all persons in their centers it believed to be anti-administration or "troublemakers," as well as their family members. Tule Lake, in northern California is one of the most well known internment camps opened May 27, 1942. Resistance to the internment and to War Relocation Authority policies at Tule Lake was so strong, that it resulted in Army occupation, violence, and martial law. Due to the harsh condition at the camp many asked for permission to resettle, which was denied for all regardless of loyalty status. It was also one of the last camps to close staying open until March 20, 1946. o volunteer for the Army Nurse Corps or the Women's Army Corp. The following people would be sent to Tule Lake Segregation Center: aliens and American citizens of Japanese descent who had applied for repatriation or expatriation to Japan (7,222 persons); those who had answered no to the loyalty questions, or had refused to answer (4,785 persons) (Daniels & Kitano 78). A newly heavy wire mesh "man proof" fence held them inside, while elevated block houses and armed watch towers prevented escape. Many Japanese internees felt if they were to do that they would be unwelcome back into Japan, and because they are already unwelcome in America, would consequently have absolutely no place to go (or country that wanted them). For instance, question 27 which asks if you would join the U. These two loyalty questions were extremely hard for internees to answer both "yes" too, and many soon found themselves being sent to the worse camp of all Tule Lake. Army seemed ridiculous to many Japanese Americans, because almost none of these internees wanted to fight for a country which had stripped them of their rights and dignity. Overall, in the end the internees were punished and relocated for answering no to very absurd questions. Of the 18,422 persons isolated in the center, more than one fourth, including 4,517 citizens, were classified as loyal (Daniels & Kitano 86).
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