Australias role in ww2
The Gallipoli campaign was a major land and sea operation of World War 1, in which British, French, Australian and New Zealand forces unsuccessfully attempted an invasion of turkey. The invasion was confined to the Dardanelles strait and the tip of the Gallipoli Peninsula near Istanbul. The Campaign arose with problems faced by Russia; Russia was allied to Britain and France. They wanted to send men and supplies to Europe although this supply route went from the black sea through the Sea of Marmara, then through the Dardanelle straits to the Mediterranean. Though the Turkish whom were allied to Germany and Austria controlled all of this area. The Turks insured that no allied supplies would get through to Russia, and as the Dardanelles was the key to Russia's supply route. Russia asked the British and the French to clear the Dardanelles of Turkish control. The Dardanelles was a narrow stretch of water almost 100 km long The British decided that if they could successfully invade the Gallipoli peninsula it would allow them to open up the Dardanelles, land a large number of troops and invade the rest of Turkey.What initially was to be exclusively a naval aff
The plan was for the ANZACS to land 21 kilometers north of Cape Helles on a low grassy area that rose gradually to a main hill 7 kilometers away. The enemy used close-in bomb fighting in their efforts to retake the lost positions. There was an awful stench of decaying corpses, which littered the ground, sometimes the trenches were hot and humid and at other times they were wet and muddy. In the hush and silence of the next seven minutes the Turks moved to man the trenches readiness for an attack they knew must come. The Nek was a ridge 50 yards wide at the ANZAC line and only 30 yards at the Turkish front. The battle of the Nek was a gallant but tragic attack, it occurred on August 7 1915 and lead to the slaughter of almost 300 troopers. The ANZACS, who were overpowered by the Turks height advantage and heavy artillery, fought bravely and courageously in the difficult terrain. Only a handful actually reached the Turkish trenches where they to were killed. Scrambling over the bodies of their fallen comrades, they meet the same fate. Some Australians dropped their rifles and tried to prize the logs away. They formed an allied force consisting of 75 000 men, 30 000 of which where ANZAC troops. Many Australians caught bombs and threw them back again, an audacious act, which ended when the Turks shortened the fuses on the bombs. For some reason still unknown, the bombardment stopped at 4. But many hours of attack and counterattack followed with the Turks eventually throwing the whole of their reserves into the battle.
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