Managers and leaders (Lawler 1986) are responsible for maintaining the morale of workers.
             Successful leadership requires four elements. The need for vision and the ability to diagnose what needs changing and decide how they would like the future to be shaped. They have to be strategists so they are aware as to what steps must be taken and can plan progression towards the overall vision.
             An effective leader must also have determination through the implementation of his plan, and they must be resourceful in overcoming setbacks. However, these three characteristics are nothing without the "commitment of others". To commit others, the manager must be able to communicate his vision effectively and keep his employees interest through motivating. He should sustain belief by example.
             An effective leader will motivate others. In order to this a manager will need to take into account what actually motivates people. Three main theories arise from the study of management employee relationships. "Low morale needs to be tackled first" managers have certain responsibilities to there workers for maintaining morale. In the case of BT, the managers need to implement basic motivational theories in order to lift morale off being "rock bottom". Management to do this should use three principals of motivation.
             1.2 A group of theories explain, motivation in terms of the satisfaction of need (Maslow, McClelland, Hertzburg) these are usually perceived as fundamental needs relating to survival, together with more sophisticated needs connected to ones relations with others and the fulfilment of personal potential. Unsatisfied needs can effectively override a given task in the work place as the employee is prioritising satisfying this need rather than concentrating on the task ahead. Motivation occurs from a variety of needs of differing proportions.
             An employer such as BT must realise that work must often compe...