Totalitarianism
Throughout Europe, democracy had prevailed by 1919. But by 1939, Europe's countries were split in their ways of government. Eastern countries went authoritarian, while Western countries stayed democratic. Dictatorship in Europe was by far not something new, but this new, modern form of totalitarianism, however, was. One leader who belonged to the one party in the country led the new totalitarian state. These governments were also different in that they gave more power to the central government, and they were no longer passive about loyalty from their citizens. They demanded "active loyalty and commitment of citizens to the regime's goals," (Western Civilization, Jackson J. Spielvogel, pg. 789). In these totalitarian governments, modern communication and mass propaganda was used to spread ideas. These countries wanted control over every aspect of life, including economic, social, political, intellectual, and cultural. This control over the masses was meant to serve a purpose; to unite the people in the achievement of common goals. The individual was not allowed any freedoms unless the leader of the state allowed it. The three best examples of these totalitarian governments were Fascist Italy, sparked by a sense of nation
Many anti-Semitic policies were founded. Individual rights were taken away, there was a new police (OVRA) and more power to the old police, and Mussolini had named himself Il Duce (the leader). Propaganda was sent out to inspire the workers to work this way for the good of the new socialist state. alism; Nazi Germany, which were led by harsh racism; and Soviet Russia, which followed an idea of Marxian socialism. On January 3rd, Mussolini made a speech saying he took all responsibility for any fascist violence, "'Italy wants peace, tranquility, calm in which to work; we will give it to her, by means of love if possible, by force if necessary,'"(Spielvogel, 791). Hitler Jugend (Hitler Youth) was made for boys, and the Bund deutscher Madel (League of German Maidens) was set up for the girls. Hitler also ordered Kristallnacht, which was a night where many Jews were killed, synagogues and businesses were destroyed, and many Jews were sent to the concentration camps. Russian society went through a much more drastic change than Italy, but Stalin still did not achieve all of his goals. He developed this party into a mass political movement with its own flag, badge, uniform, newspaper, and police force; the Sturmabteilung, or SA. Though there were changes made in the country of Italy, the government was not very effective in its goals and life in Italy wasn't that much of a drastic change. In 1926, the fascist dictatorship had been established. The Stalinist era of Russia was the beginning of an economic, social, and political revolution of which had never been seen. Hitler's use of force and terror with the SS and the often use of the concentration camps, made life for non-conformists very difficult to basically impossible. This new police force put together by Hitler, added much terror to the Nazi party. The most effective of the three governments was Nazi Germany.
Common topics in this essay:
Soviet Russia,
Il Duce,
President Hindenburg,
Sturmabteilung SA,
Jackson Spielvogel,
Italy January,
Hitler Kristallnacht,
Prime Minister,
David Marples,
League Combat,
soviet russia,
concentration camps,
nazi party,
nazi germany,
totalitarian governments,
nazi control,
police force,
fascist italy,
economic social political,
economic social,
governments fascist,
governments fascist italy,
nazi germany soviet,
nazi party hitler,
germany soviet russia,
|
Acceptance Essays
