communism
The Roman Republic 1000 B. C. - 27 B. C.-know the myth of Romulus and Remus (pg. 130 - 131)-Rome is a central point between the Alps and Sicily-at point where it was easy to cross the Tiber river1) The Latins - (1000 B. C. - 753 B. C.)2) The Greeks - (750 B. C. - 600 B. C.)-brought the Latins into contact with the more advanced Greek civilization3) The Etruscans - (1200 B. C. - 800 B. C.)-taught the Latins how to read and write; improved their trade and architecture-early Roman religion had gods with no names who had simple jobs-from the Etruscans, they learned how to look for signs from nature (i.e. birds flying) or from livers-from the Greeks, the Romans took Greek gods but gave them different names-at first, Rome was ruled by kings who turned it into a modern city-the Forum became the center of their political life just like the agora for the Greeks-after a prince attacked a Roman woman, the people of Rome decided never to be ruled by kings again
, Rome fought a civil war1) Control of Italy -a struggle between the patricians and the plebeians existed-plebeians could not get the good jobs-they refused to fight in the army unless they could get better jobs & had better laws-officials wrote the laws of Rome on 12 tablets-now, all laws applied to everyone -many believed that Rome had the best government 1) 2 consuls: in command of the army and controlled the government -only ruled for 1 year; could not rule for another 10 years -one consul could veto the other consul's decision 2) Senate - was a senator for life; very powerful3) Assembly - consisted of citizen soldiers4) Dictator - a leader who had absolute power-one person who was turned to in times of trouble -gradually, Rome was defeating other Latin cities and the Etruscans -in 390 B. , senators led by Brutus and Cassius led other senators to assassinate Caesar-he died with the words "Et tu, Brute!"-a third civil war (Marius and Sulla, Caesar and Pompey) broke out-Octavian defeated Mark Antony-Mark Antony, although married, loved Cleopatra, and Egyptian queen-Octavian named himself 'First Citizen" instead of king-the Senate wanted him to be known as Augustus or "Exalted one"-the Senate now held very little power while Augustus ruled the empire-Augustus ruled Rome for the next 41 years; a period of peace and prosperity. , the Gauls attacked Rome -the Gauls sacked Rome and made the Romans pay them to leave -Rome quickly rebuilt the city and took control of Italy except the "heel and toe" -the Greeks felt threatened by the Romans and brought Pyrrhus, a king and general, to Italy -even though the Greeks won the battles, they suffered a lot of casualties and lost the war -those who lived on the Tiber were full citizens of Rome -those who were conquered people were 1/2 citizens; every right but the right to vote2) Control of the Mediterranean-Rome fought with Carthage over control of the western part of the Mediterranean and its trade routes-know as the 1st Punic War Rome CarthagePopulation ? 250,000Size 1/3 the size of Carthage 3 times the size of RomeNavy 0 ships 500 ShipsWealth ? 1 million pounds of goldOther 500,000 troops Had mercenaries from Numidia? Not mentioned in text-Rome was able to create a fleet of 140 ships by copying a Carthage ship that washed up on shore-fought hand to hand at sea by using the 'raven' to keep the enemy ship close-finally, Rome defeated the Carthaginians and took Sicily as compensation-Rome then kicked the Gauls out of northern Italy-Carthage took control of southern Spain-the Second Punic War started when Hannibal invaded Italy-he took 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants from Spain to invade Rome-despite being outnumbered, Hannibal defeated Rome badly in three different battles-they roamed the land but were unable to defeat Rome because of its' walls-also, reinforcements never came-a Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage which forced Hannibal to go there-Scipio defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama-if Carthage had won, they, perhaps could've been the great empire that Rome had become-this ended the 2nd Punic War-the Romans took over Macedon and most Greek states-they also attacked Carthage again, in revenge even though it was no longer a strong power-after a siege of three years, Carthage was sacked and burnedRepublican Government-Hannibal's army had destroyed much of Italy-farmers raised cattle instead of grain using slaves for workers; grain prices were low-returning soldiers had no jobs; were called proletariat-lots of wealth from captured countries-rich became richer-everyone owned slaves who were unhappy in Italy-a third uprising was led by Spartacus, a slave turned gladiator-70,000 slaves defeated the Roman army 9 times before losing-6,000 slaves were crucifiedGracchus Brothers-Tiberius, a tribune, spoke on behalf of the plebians-wanted to give them land-the rich killed Tiberius and through his body into the Tiber-Tiberius' brother, Gaius, made tribune-he too, argued for the poor of Rome-had laws passed that would weaken the senate-the senators attacked and killed Gaius and 3,000 of his followersMarius and Sulla-Marius, a war hero, became consul-he blamed the weak army on the fact that they had few citizen-soldiers-allowed the poor to join the army-these professional soldiers fought for the generals that they fought under-Marius was general of one army while Sulla was commander of another-they both used the army to fight for power in Rome-Sulla tried to have Gaius Julius Caesar assassinated-Caesar bribed the soldiers not to kill himJulius Caesar-Caesar borrowed a lot of money from Crassus the Rich-he used this money to throw huge parties and influence politicians-Caesar eventually became Governor of a province in Spain-with the help of Crassus and Pompey, Caesar became consul-they became a triumvirate which ruled Rome for the next ten years-after his year as consul, Caesar appointed himself as governor of Gaul-he conquered Gaul and pushed into Britannia and Germania-Caesar became even more popular with his conquests-Crassus was killed in battle and Caesar argued with Pompey-other Senators, scared of Caesar's power, ordered him to Rome-Caesar and his army occupied Rome causing Pompey to run away-Pompey's army lost to Caesar's so Pompey ran away to Alexandria-Pompey was murdered in Alexandria and his head presented to Caesar-Caesar was then appointed dictator for the next ten years-Caesar made many changes1) granted Roman citizenship to many people outside of Italy2) senate now had 900 men (upset the patricians)3) 1/3 of the slave work force were to be replaced with free men4) started public work programs5) found colonies for the poor of Rome without land6) started the Julian calendar-on March 15, 44 B. , Rome conquered the Italian peninsula-2) from 265 B. me a republic; a type of government where people could vote for their leadersRoman Social Organization-Romans valued gravitas: "discipline, strength, and loyalty"-the eldest man ruled the family-he controlled all property and all the family members; acted as the priest for the family; spokesman-women controlled the day to day duties of the household-different classes1) patrician -ancestors founded Rome-made laws for Rome2) plebeians - free citizens who worked as farmers and merchants; could voteArmy-all men had to serve in the army-their military units were called legions-legionnaires were heavily armed infantry in groups of 4-6,000 soldiers-every legion was then divided into 60 smaller groups that were supported by cavalry-more powerful than the Greek phalanxSpread of Rome-two phases-1) from 509 B.
Common topics in this essay:
Control Italy,
Social Organization,
Main Culture,
Caesar's Pompey,
Republican Government,
Punic War,
Roman Republic,
Rome Romans,
Gracchus Brothers,
Ships Wealth,
punic war,
marius sulla,
-the senate,
julius caesar,
ruled kings,
laws rome,
trade routes,
-a third,
poor rome,
caesar -caesar,
|
Acceptance Essays
