ADD
Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder among children. This disorder affects three to five percent of all school age children, mostly boys (Dreher). Diagnosis of this disorder is not an easy task, but it has been made easier due to symptoms specific to this disorder. Once diagnosed properly, attention deficit disorder can be treated with medications and behavioral therapy. The causes of attention deficit disorder are not easily pinpointed. Not until recently have researchers found possible answers to the causes of this disorder. A child who has attention deficit disorder often has an inability to pay attention. Often a child fails to pay close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork. A child also avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to take on tasks that require mental effort for a long period of time. Being easily distracted by irrelevant sights and sounds or being forgetful in daily activities are also signs a child may have an inability to pay attention. Impulsivity and hyperactivity often times refer to the same thing. Just as the first behavior characteristic of attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity and impulsivity have symptoms specific to it.
Behavior modification is directed primarily at parents of young children with ADHD, teaching them techniques for promoting adaptive behavior and reducing maladaptive behavior. The most common side effects are decreased appetite and difficulty falling asleep. There is a great deal of evidence that ADD runs in families. Other side effects include headache, stomachache and behavioral problems. " Excessive daydreaming is considered a symptom of ADHD in a girl( Breggin, Barkley). The diagnosis of attention deficit disorder applies to children who have problems with each of the behavioral characteristics. They also improve attention span, gross and fine motor coordination, handwriting, and compliance with adult demands (Adesman, Wender). Cognitive-behavior therapy is aimed at school-age children, teaching them "self-talk" skills for consciously moderating and monitoring their own behavior. More boys are usually diagnosed with attention deficit disorder than girls are. Andrew Adesman and Esther Wender say the "estimates of the male-female ratio range from 3:1 to 9:1. Studies show that these drugs decrease impulsiveness, hyperactivity and aggressiveness. Medications, such as stimulants, seem the most effective in treating attention deficit disorder. Not all people who exhibit the symptoms for the disorder have it.
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