I was given the task of analyzing three arguments revolving around adolescents and situations that they may encounter. I will proceed to identify each argument, make its expression more complete by identifying any hidden premises, and evaluate the validity of each argument, that is, that the reasoning from the premises to the conclusion is valid.
             The first argument that I will analyze and refine is this:
             Low grades on a college transcript are a handicap in the job market, so teachers who grade harshly are doing students a disservice.
             To make the expression complete, I will identify the premises that are hidden in this argument:
             Choosing which applicant to hire revolves around a number of factors, including grades received in courses taken. Grades are a measure of performance. Employers want productive employees and ones that perform well. If an applicant with low scores and one with high scores apply for the same job, it is safe to say that generally, the one with the high scores will be chosen. Part of the service that teachers provide students is preparing them for their entrance in the job market and ensuring that they meet the qualifications of a desired job or profession. Teachers who grade harshly, may for instance, hold strict rules when it comes to attendance and may deduct a letter grade for an absence, whereas more lenient teachers may allow an absence or two without making their grades suffer directly, as long as the absences were excused properly. Assuming that teachers who grade harshly give their students lower grades than teachers who are not as strict in their grading, the strict teachers are; therefore, doing students a disservice, or damaging their ability to get a job.
             This argument does not consider the possibility that high grades can be achieved in a course that is taught by a teacher who grades harshly, and is therefore, not valid.
             Assuming that the aforementioned premise that teachers provide a ...