Raphael-Biography of a Painter
Raphael ,one of the three major artists of the High Renaissance, was born in Urbino in 1483. He is considered one of the greatest and most popular artists of all time by many. Giovanni Santi, his father and minor artist, gave Raphael his first instructions on painting techniques. He is also said to have studied with Timoteo Viti at Urbino. He was at the seat of Federico di Giorgio for some time. In 1499 Raphael went to Perugia in Umbria. The highly regarded Perugino became his mentor,and Raphael painted for him. Raphael spent four years with Perugino, he learned all that Pergugino could possibly teach him. Over the years Raphael immitated his master's work, at times historians have found it difficult to determine which work was done by Raphael. At around this time Raphael completed his indipendent works made in Perugia , Sposalizio, or Marriage of the Virgin 1504 and Crucified Christ with the Virgin Mary, Saints and Angels 1503.
Other religious paintings during this period include The Transfiguration (1517-1520, Vatican), completed posthumously by the most notable of Raphael's many followers, Giulio Romano. He was made chief architect of Saint Peter's Basilica in 1514, and a year later was appointed director of all the excavations in and near Rome. Because of his many activities, only part of the third chamber of the Vatican Palace, the Stanza del Incendio (1514-1517), was painted by him, and he provided some of the designs for the fourth chamber, the Sala Constantina. In 1508 Julias II called for Raphael, after asking for Michaelangelo as well. In the first room, the Stanza della Segnatura (1509-1511), decorated with scenes that elaberates ideas suggested by Theology, Philosophy, Poetry, and Justice, appearing on the ceiling. In addition to these major projects, he created a number of easel paintings, including a Portrait of Julius II (1511-1512), a series of Madonnas, and the well known Sistine Madonna (1514, Gemaldegalerie, Dresden). In the Disputa there is a representation of a group discussing the Trinity. Raphael painted the Disputa , and The School of Athens, Aristotle and Plato are at the center of the piece In this painting Aristotle points to the sky wear his true source of insperation comes from, the realm of ideas. During this period he also designed ten tapestries showing the acts of Christ's apostles for the Sistine Chapel. A suite of papal rooms was to be decorated based on theologically-determined concetto. He learned their methods in which he would play with light, shadow, the anatomy and dramatic representation. moved to Florence in 1504 with a letter of reccomendation from the Duchess of Montefeltro to the gonfalonier Soderini. Raphael died in Rome on his 37th birthday, April 6, 1520. At the time Raphael moved to Florence art was headed in a new contreversial direction possibly causing a forcefull impression on 21 year old Raphael. The Fresco at Camera della Segnatura was done entirely by Raphael because it is here that the Pope signed acts of grace.
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