Black death
Since the reign of Emperor Justinian in 542 A.D., man has one unwelcome organism along for the ride, Yersinia pestis. This is the bacterium more commonly know as the Black Death, the plague. Plague is divided into three biotypes, each associated with one of three major pandemics occurring in history. Each of these biotypes are then divided into three distinct types, classified by method of infection. The most widely know is bubonic, an infection of plague that resides in the lymph nodes, causing them to swell. The Black Death of the 14th century was mainly of this type. Bubonic plague is commonly spread through fleas that have made a meal from an infected Rattus rattus. The most dangerous type of plague is pneumonic. It can be spread through aerosol droplets released through coughs, sneezes, or through fluid contact. It may also become a secondary result of a case of untreated bubonic or septicemic plague. Although not as common as the bubonic strain, it is more deadly. It has an untreated mortality rate on nearly 100%, as compared to 50% untreated mortality for bubonic plague. It attacks the respiratory track, furthering the cycle. The third type of plague is septemic. It is spread by direct bodily fluid contact. It m
Within a week, the influenza was hitting isolated places, such as the island of Alcatraz. The confined area of the ship was especially conducive to the spread of the disease. It was transmitted by the fleas from infected Old English black rats. The death rate was 90% for those exposed to the bacterium. Not since the sixth century has such an epidemic attacked Europe. A sense of panic pervades Europe and everyone, it appears, is struggling only for his own survival. Medical science, trying to advance, was like a ship becalmed in the Sargasso Sea: both the atmosphere about it and the medium through which it must move resisted all progress. Crops wither in the fields; cattle wander untended. Neither method has halted the disease. Instead of reliance upon observation, experience, experiment, and thought, attention was turned toward supernatural agencies. Bubonic plague is seen in the swellings, or buboes. Many animals did either from plague or lack of care.
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