The Human Genome Project is a scientific research effort to analyze the DNA of human beings and several other lower types of organisms. The project was established in the United States in 1990 under the endorsement of the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health and was anticipated to be completed in the year 2005. The ultimate goal of this effort is to identify and locate the chromosomes of every human gene and to determine each gene's meticulous chemical structure in order to interpret its function in health and disease. But the main goal of the Human Genome Project is to map out the location of all genes on every chromosome and to determine the systematic sequence of nucleotides of the entire genome.
             Every cell of an organism has a set of chromosomes containing the heritable genetic material that edifies its development. The genetic material of chromosomes is DNA. The paired strands of the DNA molecule are an array of nucleotides, or bases, of which there are four types-adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine. Genes are simply just short fragments of DNA that carry the information the cell uses to assemble particular protein. If by chance the DNA code becomes distorted, the cell may make the wrong protein, or too much or to little of the right one. These mistakes can result in disease.
             The flaws in our genes are responsible for an approximated 3000 to 4000 hereditary diseases, such as Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, neurofibromatosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and others. What's more is that altered genes are now known to play a part in cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and many other common diseases. In some of these more common disorders, genetic alterations increase a person's risk of developing that disorder. The disease itself triggers from the collaboration of such genetic preconceptions and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Over the next...