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Viet Minh and Indochina

The role the Viet Minh's leadership played in the defeat of the French in the first Indochina War can be identified by examining several relevant pieces of information. Firstly the personal strength of the three key figures leading the Viet Minh, secondly the weakness of the French both in Indochina and domestically combined with their use of unsound, badly thought-out tactics. This was coupled with the large scale support of the Viet Minh by the Peoples Liberation Army (PLC) of China, in conjunction with a breakdown in post-war colonialism worldwide. All these factors must be examined to correctly identify the significance of the role of the Viet Minh's leaders. Ho Chi Minh, the man who established the Viet Minh (VM) in May 1941, probably played the greatest role of anybody in the war, between 1946-54 and is now by far the most well known character of the period. Ho played a cameo role in the VM's military success however he knew basic guerilla warfare tactics, was extremely knowledgeable in most areas of the war and was fiercely determined."You (the French) will kill 10 of our men and we will kill one of yours. But in the end it will be the French, and not us, that will tire of it."- Ho Chi Minh (1946)


At the end of World War II in August 1945, as the French were trying to re-establish control of their colony in Vietnam, the Viet Minh formed a provisional government with Dong as finance minister and Ho as president. The weakness of the French was one such factor. Giap also devised the plan to use heavy artillery, deconstructed and carried in on bicycles, on a French camp, holding substantial weapons, at Dien Bien Phu. The French, who had recently lost 500 000 soldiers and civilians during WWII. He choose a terrain presumed suitable for tanks only to discover that its thick bush entangled armoured vehicles. He knew that to gain sufficient support he would have to appeal to the peasants who made up 90% of the population. demonstrating the superiority of an undeveloped irregular force over a conventional army. It was an excellent victory for Giap. Another factor was the breakdown in colonialism worldwide. By 1954, 517 000 French forces were in action in Indochina.

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