Charles Darwin and Herbert Spe
Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, revolutionized biology with histheory of evolution through the process of natural selection. Herbert Spencerwas the major philosopher of biological and social evolution. Spencer's worksignificantly influenced 19th century developments in biology, psychology,sociology and anthropology. While Darwin was influential in the fields ofnatural history and geology, his theory of evolution created great controversy.He changed the way people thought about the role of humans in the natural world.Although these two men made advancement in the theory of evolution they hadcontrasting views regarding anthropological study. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who first solidly establishedthe theory of organic evolution, in his work, The Origin of Species. Darwin wasborn in Shresbury, Shropshire on February 12, 1809. His grandfather, ErasmusDarwin, was a famous English scientist and poet. In 1825 the young Darwin wentto Edinburgh University to become a doctor. The same year, however, hetransferred to Christ's College in Cambridge in order to become a clergyman.During this time he befriended a man of science, John Steven Henslow. It was
Their theories are still in existence today and havenot been discounted. Both men's writings and theories became greatly controversial, butgreatly influenced future scientists. He moved to Downe, Kent in 1842, and was plaguedby ill health until his death. Believing in thisgave religious support to the liberal principle of variety. Darwin set sail on December 27, 1831 to study the Pacific coast of SouthAmerica and the Pacific Islands. The major difference between the two is thateverything happens for one thing. Darwin died on April 19, 1882 and was buriedin Westminster Abbey. Spencer's attempt to combine the sciences has never been repeated. Darwin and Spencer made great advancements in the study of evolution. " Lastly, the struggle forexistence "determines which variations will survive in a given environment, thusaltering life through a selective death rate (2:57-58). He did not think that acquired characteristics or survival of thefittest were the ultimate principles of evolution. In 1860 Spencer went to work on The Synthetic Philosophy, acombination work including psychology, biology, sociology, and morality. The accumulation of adaptations to a particular ecologicalsystem leads into the development of separate species, each adapted to its ownecolgoical area. A sustaining system found in one,industry in the other, and both shared distributing systems: veins and arteriesand roads and telegraphs. He did so from an evolutionary point of view based on theassumption that human behavior is socially determined.
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