Freud Sigmund
Sigmund Freud was the first major social scientist to propose a unified theory to understand and explain human behavior. No theory that has followed has been more complete, more complex, or more controversial. Some psychologists treat Freud's writings as a sacred text - if Freud said it, it must be true. On the other hand, many have accused Freud of being unscientific, proposing theories that are too complex ever to be proved true or false. He revolutionized ideas on how the human mind works and the theory that unconscious motives control many behaviors. "He applied himself to a new field of study...and struggled with an environment whose rejection of his work endangered his livelihood and that of his family" (Freud 3). His work greatly improved the fields of psychiatry and psychology and helped millions of mentally ill patients.Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, a region now in the Czech Republic. His father was a wool merchant and was forty when he had Sigmund, the oldest of eight children (Gay 78). When Freud turned four, his family moved to Vienna, Austria. After graduating from the Spree Gymnasium, Freud was inspired by an essay written by Goethe on nature, to make medicine as his
Freud believed the normal pattern of psychosexual development is interrupted in some people. Freud then analyzed the random thoughts that had been expressed during free association. If the parts of the mind strongly oppose one another, psychological disturbances result. He felt such fixation could contribute to mental illness in adulthood. In that case, the id and the superego would clash. He believed that his patients' reports of sexual abuse by a parent were fantasies reflecting unconscious desires (Freud 19). In art and literature, Freud's theories influenced surrealism. Freud was one of the world's most influential thinkers. When Freud first started treating neurotic patients, he used the hypnotic techniques that he had learned from Charcot and the Austrian physician Josef Breuer. The ego resolves conflicts between instincts and eternal reality. Some of these people appeared to be blind or paralyzed, but they actually had no physical defects. No one, however, disputes Freud's enormous influence. For example, he thought that women had weaker superegos than men do and were driven by envy. Another theory that Freud had was that the brain is divided into three parts, the id, the ego, and the superego (Freud 49).
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