Is it wise to have expectations
After having searched for people who survived under the ruins after the immense earthquake in Bam (Iran) lots of the numerous helpers stopped their work. "We donīt expect to find living persons anymore," explains one of them the decision. (Tagesschau 02.01.2003, 20.00) The situation described is just one example where you meet with expectations. They are part of every day life. This firm believe that something will happen is wise as long as it is equalized with the realistic possibilites. Besides, you have to differentiate between negative and positive expectations. Negative expectations that result from a basic pessimistic mentality are not taken into consideration, as they produce only bad consequences because of the embarrassment of the confounded person. The one who constantly supposes that he will not succeed in writing a good essay begins his work with less care and ambition, which automatically leads to an essay with less quality. But if he does hope that he might get a good grade for his text then he has a positive expectation. The advantages of it in contrary to a life without any expectations will be discussed from a social, economical, religious and medical point of view.
However, these negative expectations belong to those I have excluded at the beginning, because one has lost the reference to reality and believes in his negative assumptions, no matter how justified they are or not. If you lose this reference (like the rich woman whose hope of having a partner is so strong that she is simply not able to realize the real intentions of the marriage fraud) then of course the hope turns out to be disadvantageous. But if it will not be slippery, the preparation is not worthwhile, one might argue. But I already mentioned in the introduction that it is necessary to keep the reference to reality, when you deal with expectations. This objection is not totally wrong, because having expectations normally implies not to know what will exactly happen. But this could not be an argument for not having any expectations at all, as there would occur those problems explained above. An argument against it might be that there also exist cases, where the physical functions are influenced by expectations in a negative way. One popular scientifically proven example is the "placebo-effect". Without this hope the sickness could not have been overcome. Their strong believe was able to influence their physical condition. A counter-argument might be that sometimes investments are made which turn out to be a loss business. Without expectations companies would hardly have any ambitions or real interests in a business, because they do not have the firm believe that something would be advantegeous for them or not. Nevertheless the hope of becoming aware of the sickness still indeed supports the convalescence.
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