16th century spain
In the very late 16th and early 17th century Spain went from being a leading power in Europe to having England, France, and the Dutch surpassing them. This was mostly due to a single event, the failed attack of the Spanish Armada in 1588 (Ulm). King Philip the II ordered the armada to be organized after disputes with England over religion and the English aid of Dutch rebels against Spain. The armada was to meet up with the duke of Parma and invade England. When King Philip ordered the assembly of the armada, he knew that an army to invade England could not be carried by the armada, so he decided to meet up with the Duke of Parma in charge of a trained army from the Netherlands (Spanish ally). The armada was then to escort them as they invaded mainland England. There was to be 130 ships and 33,000 men. (Garrett, 121) The English had the knowledge of King Philip's plan to invade. They in preparation destroyed many of the barrels used to transport supplies. This would play a crucial role in the battle. The armada was organized on a very short notice, without much time to prepare. The person to lead the armada was the Duke of Medina Sedonia. He was an experienced general but did not know much about sea warfare. S
The ships were arranged in a tight crescent formation. So he sent fire ships into the port loaded with tar and gunpowder. The Spanish on the other hand would fire but their cannon balls could not reach the British. They also lost a lot of ships to the weather and the coast line in the North Sea. This was the way ship design was headed. There were very few losses on either side. Spain never recovered and to this day had never regained the status it once had as a world power. The Dutch became the next great naval power. However it did put Spain in financial straits. (Ulm) Francis Drake was waiting for them with 200 ships, most smaller but all much more nimble. When the armada departed from Spain they immediately encountered unfavorable winds and bad weather. This gave the English a huge advantage; they could pick off one ship at a time.
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