Special Ed. in Japan
"I am a human being even though I cry a lot. I want to become strong and walk." -Koji Kanai (12 year old mentally disabled girl)The beginning of the modern era of schooling in Japan came about in mid way through the 19th century. The first changes came along with the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This is the time schooling was opened to every member of society, regardless of class, family status, etc.; as said in the Decree of Encouragement of Learning(1872):"From this time onward, everyone irrespective of class origins such as nobility, military, farmer, artisan, or merchant, and irrespective of one's sex, ought to learn, so that there should be no family without learning throughout the village and no person without learning in the family..."While education at advanced levels was still very expensive at this period in time, the Second World War brought about new changes in the educational system. The second big change in Japanese education was the reform under the policies of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. This new system was modeled after the American system, while the old British-type system was removed. This new system consisted of a "6-3-3-4" arrangement of schools. Students spent six years
These 'rooms' are actually a series of rooms. Problems with academics can lead to other problems within the school. The Japanese Ministry of Education provided schools for all students with handicapping conditions. Below average students struggle immensely. From elementary school through higher education, students are rigorously tested and are segregated on their performances on exams. When junior and senior high schools are reached, a greater number of special classes are available and more specific to one particular student. These arguments were rapidly doused with the integration of students into normal classes. While the quality of schoolwork may have improved, social and emotional development was often if not always overlooked. This system is a very good one, but for only one group, the average to above average students. There are rooms within these centers that consist of physical exercise rooms, activity rooms, bathrooms, even waiting rooms for parents. Students who underachieve can develop anti-school feelings, drop out, or even resort to in school violence. These issues caused children to become "outcasts" or "loners". in elementary school, three in junior high school, three in high school and four at a higher education facility. They may become reluctant to learn or develop the all too common "I can't do it" stance. Until the late 1970's and early 1980's, students of different abilities were not given the proper amount of attention, because of the "equal education to all" frame of mind.
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