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The techniques of that is the seat belts use pre-crash tensioners. Within milliseconds, seat belt pre-tensioners tighten safety belts and help prevent belted occupants from sliding and bouncing around during a crash. The seat belts allow passenger to decelerate with the car during the collision instead head on collision with windshield or steering wheel. The seat belts also have a property to bend when crashing. So it increases time in impulse therefore decreases force impact on human.
Inertia safety belt reels occurs approximately 6 milliseconds after full frontal impact. Approximately 4 milliseconds later before the head and chest begin to move forward, the air bag sensors trigger the front air bags and the small pyrotechnic charges in the pre-tensioners, which minimize any slack in the safety belt and n
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Bumpers
Bumpers are to be designed to protect car bodies from damage in low-speed collisions, absorbing crash energy without significant damage to the bumper itself. Under such conditions, a braking wheel might "lock up" in its position and begin to slide without steering control. Windshield is effective to prevent passengers encounter injury from broken and sharp glass. During collision, the stopping distance and the time in changing momentum is increased due to the crumpling, this results smaller force acting on the car in impulse concept. A bumper system also should include mechanisms that compress to absorb crash energy, polypropylene foam or plastic honeycomb are often used. Crumple zones relies on a skeletal frame of special materials that would crumple in predictable ways, absorbing the energy of a collision. The backset, or distance behind the head, should be as small as possible. Instead they continue moving forward as the vehicle's front end crushes. This treats glass can withstand forces of hundreds of pounds per square inch. This safety feature use hydraulic four-wheel brakes employ the use of fluid pressure to activate the brake pads of each of the wheels. During a severe frontal collision, the frontal frames that support the engine are designed to crumple and slide underneath the passenger's compartment.
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