Walking Development
While walking, the adults show great control over their bodies. They move their shoulders when going through narrow spaces, change the length of their stride to step on target spots, and keep their balance as they move along the path they're following. Adults can control their walking with ease.Walking isn't so easy for an infant. Learning these skills takes a long time to learn. Becoming an expert at walking takes a long time with many successes and failures. When infants finally do walk for the first time, it often isn't very pretty. Their legs are spread apart, they walk flat-footed, and they keep their arms high in order for protection (Jordet 1). It just takes time for an infant to learn to walk, and it is especially difficult for them to make it over uneven terrain. A famous study done involves a see-through Plexiglas sheet over top of stair-like terrain. One part of the terrain was close underneath the Plexiglas while the other part was much further below it. Toddlers learning to deal with this problem were hesitant at first to cross over the drop-off, but later on, they walked across the whole thing without hesitation. It took some time for the toddlers to learn how to deal with the visual deception but event
The feet and legs are very important for the toddler to gain information from the terrain around them. With balance control, toddlers learn how far they can go off their base stance and not fall down. They learn how to cope with the slope as they go. More coordination and control of muscles is needed. Toes turn outward to further enhance balance. The child must have a great deal of creeping and crawling experience before even beginning to walk. This method is used after a little experience about walking has been gained, and the child has a little more control over his/her muscles (Psychophysical 735). As walking becomes more proficient, the child begins to assume a narrower and more rhythmical gait. When the child has figured out how to deal with the next step, he/she goes ahead and takes the step only to repeat the process of probing to make sure everything is okay. Just having walking experience itself seems to help the toddler improve. On contrast, children tend to just charge up a hill. A toddler's body is always changing. Toddlers are always growing and their bodies are always changing making it difficult for them to figure out a consistent way to walk (Psychophysical 736). Experience with the slopes doesn't seem to be a factor though. Infants would rather crawl still because it is still more efficient for them.
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