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Muslim Spain was started by the Witiza Family. They caused the down fall of the Visogothic Kingdom. By the middle of the 8th century the muslims had made a strong hold in Spain. They put king Abd al-Rahman in to power. He feld the slaughter of 750 A.D. from Abbasid. Muslim Spain had a flurshing culture with libraies and other educational materials. The new Leader was Caliph Al-Hakam. Then it broke into smaller petty kingdoms known as Ta’ifas. They soon broke up and caused even more petty kingdoms.
Next the Christian Reconquest took place in 718. It lasted 774 years from 718 to 1492. During this period many new kingdoms came about such as the Basques. Much of Spain became under control of the reconquest when in 1492. It was completed by Isabel and Fernado by taking Granada. In October of that same year Columbus sailed to the West Indies. In 1469 Isabel and Fernado get married.
The Spanish Empire began in 1516 with Isabella I
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In the 11th century, powerful nobles established a commercial association between the region and Castile, a Spanish kingdom, because Castile wanted to use Basque ports. There is also the Council of States, a consultative body. Basque and Castile representatives met in Guernica under an oak tree to pass laws and approve extensive personal rights for the Basques. Each mainland province elects 4 senators; another 20 senators come from the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla. The crown went to Charles I of Spain.
The first mention of the Basques in written history was during the 1st century BC, when the Romans penetrated Álava in their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Leftist trade unions, civilian militias, and military and police forces who remained loyal to the republic successfully defended their cities against the insurgents. The country’s highest tribunal is the Supreme Court of Justice, divided into 7 sections; it sits in Madrid.
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