ADHD
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder? You have probably heard and may even have used the term hyperactivity. The notion is a modern one: there were no hyperactive children 50 to 60 years ago. Today, if anything, the term is applied too often and too widely. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) estimates that all teachers have in their classrooms at least one child with ADHD (Simmons, RG. 1993). Actually, hyperactivity is not one particular condition: it is "a set of behaviors" such as excessive restlessness and short attention span that are quantitatively and qualitatively different from those children of the same sex, mental age, and socioeconomic status (Gutskey, T.R. 1991). Today most psychologists agree that the main problem for children labeled hyperactive is directing and maintaining attention, not simply controlling their physical activity. The American Psychiatric Association has established a diagnostic category called attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to identify children with this problem.
Some children may have difficulty concentrating on tasks (particularly on tasks that are routine or boring). ssionals who diagnose ADHD use the diagnostic criteria set forth by the American Psychiatric Association (1994) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: the fourth edition of this manual, known as the DSM-IV, was released in May 1994 (Soar, R. Classroom rules must be very clear and concise. Brain scan images produced by positron emission tomography (PET) show the differences between an individual with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (right) and someone without the disease (left) (Zametkin et. * Show students how to use an assignment book to keep track of their homework and daily assignments. Symptoms of inattention, as listed in the DSM-IV, are:* Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, or other activities* Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities* Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly* Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions)* Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities* Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework)* Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e. The school nurse and pediatrician will have to be involved if medication is prescribed. Even if students are on medication, it is critical that they also learn the academic and social skills they will need to survive. The students still need special help in learning. There also in no evidence that the drugs lead to improvement in academic learning or peer relationships, two areas where children with ADHD have great problems.
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