Success in School
There are several techniques in which teachers and professors at many different age levels implement in order to reach the highest potential of each student. These techniques range from group projects to rewards for participating in discussion. These methods all deal with two major questions of teaching processes: first, how and why do rewards affect behavior? And, secondly, is it more beneficial to focus on extrinsic or intrinsic motivation in order to achieve academic success?? There are many possible teaching strategies that can be used in order to increase the chances of academic success. Each one has its advantages and disadvantages and contributes to the motivation of the individual. Teachers can implement the use of rewards, encouragement, or praise. Rewards, as defined by Ferguson, are a pleasurable event that follows a specific behavior that may lead to learning of new responses or to altered motivation (Ferguson pg. 183)." It was believed, and is still believed by some, that rewards had beneficial effects on learning and that responses that are followed by a reward will tend to be increased on the next occasion. It was said that the when a reward followed a correct response, it would led to more corre
The data shows that Michael, the son of an administrator at the home, did not waiver in his performance after the extrinsic rewards were removed. The experimenters noticed that during the reward sessions, the boy's performance along with their self-report of math increases to 100%. " They were given the choice to complete pages of math problems, letter coding, and word scrambling, with rewards given only for math problems. Once the reward is removed from the activity, the subjects tend exert less energy and not perform as well on that activity. " While praise is used as extrinsic motivation, encouragement is used to foster and increase intrinsic motivation and heighten self- confidence. 204 This study clearly shows the effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation refers to internal motivation that is produced by the thoughts and emotions of that individual. Charlie was an eleven-year-old boy with "average intelligence placed in residential care following numerous foster placements, and Micheal, a nine-year old boy of high average intelligence who was the son of administration employees at the residential program (McGinnis pg 375-76). But how can teachers increase intrinsic motivation? Intrinsic motivation is increased through encouragement from the teacher, which causes them to have more self-confidence and through enjoyment of the task. 8Source: Based on data from Deci, 1997. When later they had no extrinsic incentive, they decreased their free period activity, falling below the activity level of the control group (Ferguson pg.
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