Following independence from Spain on July 9, 1816, Argentina experienced periods of internal political conflict between conservatives and liberals and between civilians and the military. After World War II, a long period of supreme rule and interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983, and numerous elections since then have underscored Argentina's progress in democratic consolidation.
             The Argentine constitution of 1853 was modeled after that of the United States. Certain parts of its preamble reflect the ideals and aims of the United States' constitution. The President and vice president each serve for a single six-year term. Under the constitution, the provinces of Argentina elect their own governors and legislatures. During periods when the constitution has been suspended, provincial governors have been appointed by the central government. Federal courts include the supreme court, seventeen appellate courts, and district and territorial courts on the local levels. The provincial court systems are similarly organized, consisting of supreme, appellate, and lower courts. According to the constitution of 1853, Argentina is a federal republic headed by a president, who is assisted by a council of ministers. Legislative powers are approved in a national congress consisting of a Senate and a House of Deputies. All constitutional provisions were suspended in 1966 following a military takeover.
             Since Argentina is located in the Southern Hemisphere, summer extends from December to March and winter is from June through September. In mountainous regions and destinations further south, average daytime temperatures can be noticeably colder. The north however has pleasant arid and subtropical climates. The Northern Andes are dry with poor vegetation, while the southern Andes are lower, snowcapped, and covered with evergreen trees which toge...