TCP/IP is one of the most important elements of Internet technology and is the element that makes intranets so easy to set up and use. The TCP/IP is actually a whole family of protocols, which provides the foundation to the Internet. TCP, meaning Transmission Control Protocol, and IP, meaning Internet Protocol, is the first thing that you can do before you can connect to the internet or do anything with your workstations.
The TCP/IP protocol was first proposed in 1973 but was not until the year 1983 when the first standardized version was developed and adopted for the wide area use. TCP/IP is made up of various but limited addresses, are set up in different classes, and can add more host addresses and separate segments in a given network by using a thing called subnet mask.
A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. An IP address has two components, the network address and the host address. The IP address 150.215.017.009, Assuming this is part of a Class B network, the first two numbers (150.215) represent the Class B network address, and the second two numbers (017.009) identify a particular host on this network.
Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address
. . .
IP addresses with a first octet from 1 to 126 are part of this class. The Host section always contains the last octet. Class E accounts for 1/16th (268,435,456) of the available IP addresses. Class A - This class is for very large networks, such as a major international company might have. It is used to identify the network that a computer belongs to. The octets are split into two sections: Net and Host. IP addresses with a first octet from 192 to 223 are part of this class. IP addresses with a first octet from 128 to 191 are part of this class. Class B networks have a first bit value of 1 and a second bit value of 0 in the first octet. In Class A networks; the high order bit value (the very first binary number) in the first octet is always 0. This is easier to see if you show the IP address in binary format or not. Host (sometimes referred to as Node) identifies the actual computer on the network.
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