There is extensive psychological research comparing the abilities and behaviors of males and females. While many behaviors appear to be more common among one or other sex in a particular society, we find that there are very few behaviors that differ consistently between the sexes in all societies. Within the past two decades Caroline Whitbeck has addressed the meaning of woman. There is not a concrete answer to "What is woman?" In Theories of Sex Difference, Whitbeck makes no attempt to establish one definition of woman. Whitbeck examines how philosophers have previously examined and defined women from the male perspective as either a partial man or as the second aspect of opposite principles.
             Another way Aristotle differentiates between men and women is that he considers women to be cold like the earth and men are hot like fire. Women need the heat of the man in order to create a child. Aristotle suggests that women are inferior because they lack the heat of the male. He states "it is by reason of cold and incapacity that the female is more abundant in blood in certain part of her anatomy". Women are always described as lacking a characteristic or ability of men. In this situation they lack the heat that men have, which makes them inferior.
             The inferiority of women comes in many different forms for Aristotle. Aristotle says that the "male and female are distinguished by a certain capacity and incapacity". For example, just as the young of mutilated parents are sometimes born mutilated and sometimes not, so also the young born of a female are sometimes female and sometimes male instead. It is clear that Aristotle considers a woman to be a lesser form of a man, at least in the physical sense. Aristotle's discussion of the biological inferiority's of women is reflected in his discussion of their moral and political inferiority.
             Politics, Aristotle cites the lack of authority with...