History and Systems of Psychology
Littman, R.A. "Motives, History and Causes." 1958 Nebraska Symposium on1. "What problem situation prompted Littman to write this article (Page 115, Para. 2)?"Richard Littman states in the cited paragraph that firstly, an unjustifiably large amount of time had been dedicated to this controversial subject: motivation. The very fact that the debate had persisted for such duration signaled to him a problem. Secondly, lack of agreement among psychologists on issues of motivation gave him the inkling that none of them were probably correct on the issue. For example, disagreements in definitions and constructions arise between Maslow (Being Motivation and Deficiency Motivation), Freud (Unconscious Motivation) and Lewin (tension-system hypothesis). Although Freud's work was somewhat antiquated at the 1958 symposium, followers of his persist to this day, and doubtlessly proponents of all three theorists were present.2. "What did Littman identify as the cause(s) of the problem (Page 115, Para 3; Page 132, Para 3)?"According to Littman, the cause of disagreement centers around a proliferation of invented terms surrounding motivation. He is refe
However, in the English language, "Hunger Drive" carries excess meaning: that which implies an underlying motivation to eat. If he expects a train when he opens it, but in reality finds broken glass, he will be sorely disappointed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. "How are you, as a consumer of the literature in Psychology, hurt when theorists invent fictional causes of behavior, then act as if these fictions really exist?" The consumer of psychological literature is hurt in much the same way as the field is as a whole. Freud started the search inward, that we might explain human behavior and investigate the 'mind. For reasons previously discussed, Littman does not believe that any master schema concerning motivation can develop. ' The essential step Freud took was to cause us to question and to wonder in a new way about the human psyche: perhaps there is help for the mentally ill. An Introduction to the History of Psychology (pp 456-504). As it is plain to see from the response to question seven, students unequipped to spot invented concepts are doomed to blindly follow them until they spot their weaknesses of their own accord, if they ever do. " Again, because behavior cannot be fully explained externally, the explanations are placed 'inside' where we are not as sure about how things work. variable and uniform behavior'?" This is a three-part statement:A) Not all externally observable behavior is explainable by external phenomena: One person enjoys a particular film, and is seen to leave the theater praising it, while another detests it. 2) A time-order precedence can be established (that is, one event may be followed logically through a sequence of events triggered by another event) and 3) alternative explanations are ruled out (23).
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Acceptance Essays
