Archimedes
Archimedes is believed to have been born in 287 B.C. in Syracuse, Sicily, and died in 212 B.C. His father was Phidias, who was an astronomer. We would know more about his life if his biography, written by his friend Hercleide, had not been lost (Archimedes of Syracuse. groups). The information we have about Archimedes' life comes from the writings of Plutarch, Livy, and others, as well as from the prefaces of Archimedes' works. We know from the writings of Plutarch that he received part of his education at Euclid's School in Alexandria, Egypt. There he was taught internal calculus, which included the study of volume. Archimedes figured out that the volume of a sphere is two-thirds the volume of a cylinder that circumscribes the sphere (Archimedes' Life. norfacad). While studying in Egypt, he also invented the Archimedes' screw. This is a pump that, when turned, carries water from a lower level to an upper level (Archimedes of Syracuse. math). This pump is still used in many parts of the world and probably similar in operation to hydroelectric turbines that generate electricity today. Along with being a famous physicist, Archimedes is considered to be one of the three greatest mathematicians of all time, along
Not being fully aware that the Romans had taken over the city, a Roman soldier came upon Archimedes while he was drawing geometric figures in the dust on the floor while working on a problem. On plane equilibriums, shows the fundamentals of mechanics using geometry. Archimedes had requested that a sphere, contained in the smallest possible cylinder and inscribed with the ratio of the cylinder's volume to that of the sphere, be engraved on his tombstone. To do this he needs new numbers and notations for magnitude. He also showed he could approximate square roots accurately. Archimedes loved to figure out the King's problems for him. In one particular result he was able to compute the maximum angle that a (paraboloid) ship could list before it capsized - and he did it without calculus! (Archimedes of Syracuse. The next day he placed the crown in a full tub of water. On the sphere and cylinder, Archimedes shows that the surface of a sphere is four times that of a circle, and finds the area of any segment of a sphere (Archimedes of Syracuse. He definitely ranks as one of the greatest minds in history (Archimedes.
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